I did some very informal research, in regards to water clarity. I found nothing about growth rate, but did find this information

Environmental conditions also affect crappie populations. Research done in Iowa indicates that water level and clarity affect the success of crappie year classes. High water levels at the time of the spawn were found to result in high numbers of larval crappie. The only exceptions to this relationship were in years of low clarity (muddy) water. Larval crappies were never found when waters were very muddy during spawning season. The biologists concluded, based on previous research, the adult crappie abandoned their nests when muddy water creates low light conditions on the bottom. They did note that actual suffocation of the eggs may also have occurred.