Where did you get the filter from. I like that setup.
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I agree completely about minnows dying during water change cycles. I believe that this is due to temperature difference, not the water change itself. Minnows are very temperature sensitive. As little as 4 degrees difference will shock the little rascals and cause them to give up the ghost. Filter will help a lot by keeping the same water. The 5 gallon bucket filter in my pic has been filtering the same water for over 2 months and keeps the water crystal clear. When I do change the water I temper them. I pull the water level down a few inches the start the water into the tank to get the temp equalized. Then I can open the drain and take about 2 inches off the bottom . Close valve and fill it up.
Where did you get the filter from. I like that setup.
Made the filter using a five gallon bucket.
Never really tried to keep minnows but have kept a lot of tropical fish. As I understand this mass die off, it can be disease or more likely nitrogen waste build up which occurs by lack of water change as well adding water to make up for evaporation. This is one reason activated charcoal is used in filters. The easiest way to address this is to replace 10% of the water once or twice weekly. This amount does not require water treatment or chlorine removal. It will also be helpful to remove the water from the bottom to get as much solid waste as possible. Aquariums will use a gravel filter to eliminate waste much like what happens in nature. The bacteria in the rock breaks down the waste.
God bless Charlie Brewer and Bobby Garland.