So it seems that group size is the size of the case only, but a larger case can be made to have more amp hour capacity than a smaller one by having more and larger plates. A cheap group 31 battery can also have less amp hour capacity than a high quality group 27. It all boils down to the number and size of the plates. Below is copied from on-line.
Battery Council International(BCI)
Does Size Really Matter?
I often hear people say they are going to increase the size of their batteries by replacing
their Group 24 batteries with Group 27s. Unfortunately they are under a misconception that
group size and battery capacity are related.
Group Number:
Standards for automotive and marine batteries are set by the Battery Council International
(BCI)
. They have defined Group Number for various batteries. The group number has no relationship to the capacity of the battery. It is only a grouping based on the physical outside dimensions of the battery, and whether the lugs are on the top or sides of the case.
The BCI definition of Group Number is:
"BCI GROUP NUMBER
-
The BCI Group Number defines a battery by describing the following characteristics:
A.) Its maximum dimensions (L x W x H)
B.) Voltage (6 volt or 12 volt)
C.) Post configuration
D.) The type of terminal used (top, side, flag, etc.)
It should be noted that the BCI (Battery Council International)Group Number does not designate a battery's capacity, it merely
defines the above listed physical characteristics.
"G" Gone but not forgotten!!